The order of our presentation does not imply ranking and indeed we are even more interested in how many of the 100 interacted or inspired future sources. However, at wcbn007@easynet.co.uk we welcome your votes either on someone we have not yet cited on where in the order you feel someone should be (if you have a very strong view on re-ordering please tell us). Any nomination we use will be linked to your choice of reference. As far as we know this is the first future history guide of this notable human kind - so we will be exploring , making mistakes and trying to tidy up links, enjoying the passage of time and the living nature of this medium to reflect on why particular people's revolution waved positive energies through human relationships then and now. If you disagree with the choices in our guide but agree with its open source analysis criteria, why not start web-logging your own? We will connect links with anyone who values networking across cultures as deeply as we do.

0.1 George Fox thanks to London & 1 2 3	A: Quakers innovated a conversation method -and society's need for safe public spaces - designed round valuing every community's deepest cross-cultural flows. When powerful leaders of any type visited the community they were given the stage to speak and then politely questioned through the most collaborative team work process that a real-time audience can muster. Although this mediation system starts and ends with loving grassroots community, its network impacts around the world have been remarkable, and other ER100 nominees might never have got an audience in some of the world's biggest cities without the free and peace-loving social spaces Quakers Friends Houses have invested in. Quakers (whose ethical standards appear to be as high as any religion has codified but who prefer to make their number 1 rule every culture is welcome to join us in peace) have often helped people to communally test faith around space and truth as opposed to other man-made instructions that have at some accidenral moment of history divided religions, even those primary ones worldwide that started with the golden rule's dna: uniting familial relationship reciprocity (do unto another what you would want done unto you and yours) In a world where we are now offered so many virtual and real tools to converse, commune, network- experiencing one of the simplest real-time, large crowd dialogue methods early on can change a child's manners and self-confidence, as well as demonstrate cultural respect is walked and talked around here. Circular methods of staging a conversation are different to them and us podium methods; moreover their listening and speaking flows scale down to any group size as does the principle of hosting one person to speak while the others listen and then having the audience collaborate in teamworking Q&A. Early benchmarking in the 1990s of how large organisations might adapt to the revolutionary possibilities of computer networked knowledge showed that systems (if they were aimed at nurturing great human innovations) should be designed around transparent Q&A and be as simple as children's patterns of learning are when they are not aborted by rushed adult worries about examinations and measuring individual performance. If for whatever historical accident Quakers are regarded with suspicion in your nation, the pattern of circular dialogue can still be used - an alternative called open space technology is represented wherever conflict resolution facilitators are permitted. It's designed around a one-time event rather than a community's continuing way of hosting town hall meetings. I believe that any child who grows up without experiencing either of these circular methods has not been wholly given the human right to experience freedom of speech. Even if you value circular dialogues less than me, most networkers and entrepreneurs developing innner sity youth hubs I have met would vote for them as a revolutionary game that's worth rehearsing and very low cost compared with other education methods.
0.2 James Wilson thanks to Scots and 1 2	UNDER CONSTRUCTION James Wilson invented the “why did nobody ever tell me about this school of journalism?” and founded a newspaper for raising this question transparently to bring out into the open the biggest conflicts - or false assumptions legislatively embedded - in democratic and economic systems. He helped people to develop goodwill maps of how local and global systems interweave compound consequences for generations to come. 'To those who read Statistics,' he wrote in 1843, 'who read the results exhibited by figures, who find what new truths and facts they develop - what old prejudices and errors they dissipate; they are not only instructive, but afford the deepest, and often the most exciting interest.' If you respect even uncomfortable facts, and cherish truth, you stay honest. Wilson eschewed such lucrative contemporary practices as tipping shares to win advertising. Of the banker, genius and man of letters, Walter Bagehot (editor, 1861-77), an obituarist wrote that under his management, The Economist 'never fell under the shadow of a suspicion. Its censures were often severe, and its warnings to the public could not fail sometimes to damage the repute of insecure investment. But the anger of the irritated investor, or of the disappointed speculator, never took the form of an impeachment of the motives of the critics.' And under the paper's longest-serving editor, a solid Scots journalist, Edward Johnstone (1883-1907), at a time when the financial press was almost uniformly venal, The Economist became a remorseless investigative journal of absolute integrity. To search out what future opportunities and risks spin contextually around gravitational systems of human relationships, he asked that journalists : raise a core question simply and honestly; clarify that the conflicts now compounding into the future are not the just a one-dimensional political fault left side versus right side but systemically need debating openly from all sides; suggest a possible way ahead whilst making it clear that the writer will be delighted as relentless debates around the gravity of the “future history” map out better ways of integrating how all peoples may be productively free and demandingly happy. James had a grassroots communal sense that had evolved from being born 1805 into the family’s business – hatmakers in Hawich, a town in Scotland close to its border with England. His family appear to have encouraged him to take his deep sense of good business to London, and with his brother he remained a coordinator of niche clothing businesses through most of his life. As a Scot in the 1840s, when he decided to found The Economist, James could look around at entrepreneurial revolution precedents that were liberating peoples productive and demanding capacities in other countries. The Americans had just reclaimed their future destiny by sacking British overlords. The French had just replaced monopoly ownership of land and other productive assets by monarchs. I imagine that James knew of stories like my X times great grandfather. Living on the isle of Arran, people walked the length and breadth of the land on Sundays to attend his free church meetings united by a local crisis. Some early species of English global accountant had just told the lord of the island that sheep would be more profitable to raise quarterly than people. This evolved as a system-wide problem in Scotland which can helps you understand why more Scots today live outside Scotland than in, and so permits our family clans to be one of the earlier communal practitioners of worldwide networking. In London, at the epicentre of the first global empire to be at quarterly risk of bubbling up PR sponsors of the big gets bigger and the speculative get more powerful, there was a lot for James’ school of journalism to question. He had a strictly moral side and was fearless in denouncing big vested interests –his post mortems on industry failures pointed out systemic failings in transparency not to be puffed away by identifying individual scapegoats. When the railway boom collapsed in 1848, Wilson announced that 'the present prostration and dejection is but a necessary retribution for the folly, the avarice, the insufferable arrogance, the headlong, desperate, and unprincipled gambling and jobbing, which disgraced nobility and aristocracy, polluted senators and senate houses, contaminated merchants, manufacturers, and traders of all kinds, and threw a chilling blight for a time over honest plod and fair industry.' He became a magnet for hosting severe debating contests of leadership, and a Member of Parliament to represent the connections between good business ad decent peoples. James nonetheless instructed his editors at The Economist to value the paper’s own performance on helping leaders reconcile a couple of constitutional issues at a time. For example, he chose Repeal of the Corn Laws because he couldn’t imagine how a kingdom, let alone a democracy, would ever be united around guaranteeing landowners a high price for corn so rigidly that when potato famine came to Ireland (then in the UK) thousands of people starved instead of being able to import cheap corn from abroad. HIS STORY and SCOTLAND’S As a Scot, James helps me to know that History as we teach it to our children (at least the British and Empire school of history) is constantly put at risk by “the greatest powers that were”. They have no interests in deeply celebrating the stories of serial social entrepreneurs or hi-trust communal intermediaries who empower youth, women and others who invest their lifetime in serving communities. If we are ever to collaborate around a cross-cultural atlas capable of sustaining a global economics of abundance, we will need to mentor young and old to converse around a simple truth triangle of goodwill appreciation: isn’t it true that healthy media (and safe speakers corners , friends houses etc guaranteeing freedom of speech in every city) generate healthy societies generate strong economies not the other way round? Recall, the inventor of the television as a social medium for open sourcing practical understanding was a Scot. So, my ancestors and I believe that James helped to open up a future journey of networking and humanity. If we are correct, it will simultaneously require all late 20th C mindsets to newly cross-examine the system potential of world service public broadcasting – the BBC owned by all people of the United Kingdom not by any one temporarily powerful prime minister, nor 2 rival political parties, nor global organisational lobbies of food producers or any other worldwide market sector. Future historian circles, beloved by Scots and others whose family traditions value future generations’ innovation needs are 22 years into death-of-distance debates on what the BBC could nurture as a networking’s guide to the galaxy of new media times new economics. The warp focus of our mapmaking debates takes us to picturing heaven or hell : how the BBC could cheerlead global village integrity to blossom collaboratively everywhere, or will be responsible for delaying too long in open sourcing journalists for humanity. It is clear to anyone who participates in learning network debates that the transparency of business models in the media sector is paramount now the 21st C century is spinning us all as ever more globally interconnected. Will the biggest media stages be best for all the cultures they bridge and so sustain every being’s freedom of access and search for the “why did nobody ever tell me about this” school of journalism? Just as logs of true observation were vital for mapping the new world’s atlas of the 1500s, all of James’ pursuits redouble in importance today if the 21st Century’s newest revolutions connected by the internet are to revolve as the greatest action learning media humanity has integrated investing in 6 billion beings’ lifetimes exponentials around. A biography series that I dream the BBC will commission revolves around telling stories of those leaders who experienced high office, and whom the world trusts ever more and more. I don’t have the resources or a google-type web to mount such a survey of candidates, but I dare nominate Mary Robinson (see number 10 for details). It was my honor to be a waiter at the cocktail reception of those who listened to Mary raise some keynote questions at Global Reconciliation Network’s Collapsing World conference organised in London to listen to over 50 cultural views on the human race’s future history after 9/11. People from many countries and races that Britain had once empired over were there, and Mary United their pleas to review history with stories of the Irish potato famine such as the various citizen groups in America that sent help but none from London’s City of cities. Mary left her most sincere punchline to last. Please forgive us over the next 3 days if we sometimes appear a wee bit nervous in raising questions we’d most like to see people asking around the world- you see there are ghosts for many of us in this hall we are using. It was built by a reformed slavetrader who towards the end of his life concluded that slavetrading, however profitable and powerful it had made him, had not been that great a global market sector to commit a lifetime to. He decided Londoners could benefit from a people’s hall and ethical networks linked around all who stage meeting here. To conclude, you may be asking: how was James Wilson’s spirit celebrated when he died? History is not as clear on this as I would like to know. The facts are that James died before his time. He was less than one year into pursuing his brand of economics and inquiry as economics adviser of the Council of India, a post that had taken him to Calcutta where he apparently died of dysentery in the midday sun. .
0.3 Gandhi	Though Gandhi's parents seemed to live in quite separate spheres, he loved the both - a mother of almost saintly devotion, and a father who seems to have played the honourable role that Shakespeare assign to the fool who knows how to resolve conflicts in court in a way that does not sell out the future of the common man. At his time and place (in a region that was higly subjugated to the British Raj), this family seems to have been the perfect parenting to instil a lifelong experimentation of: how can any community however disavantaged take charge of sustaining its own future envisioned as connecting its peoples as a united village to a global network? Twice Gandhi assumed that law would help with this deepest imaginable experiment in truth and human lives. Both times his diary puts a brave face on disappointment: qualifying at the bar of London as a barrister left me feeling helplessly ill equipped, and saddened by how little practical education and how much old mens clubbing had going on; not being able to find decent cases to represent in my beloved country, my lawyer's project that took most of my working life up to 55 - preventing the rise of apartheid in Natal and South Africa - was an extraordinary honour to have become a core leader of but not one whose compound outcome succeeded in my lifetime. So over the next 25 years, he devoted himself to a twin challenge that started back in his home province in India but mutiplied connections through the international ethical networks he had developed around him as the highest trust person in all his constituents' orbits : setting up a world class grassroots education system from first grade to university (network contacts can be made today via A B C); and experimenting with how to free a country when both law and media are constitutionally again you. That he succeded made him the greatest system gameschanger (or entrepreneurial revolutionary) of all time according to the impartial judge: Albert Einstein. More at 1 2 3
0.4 Montessori	If Maria Montessori was alive today, we're confident she would move minds until families and children's education were more respected all over the world. The world is crying out for experiments with new educational formats. Help log one up at this map. In Montessori classrooms: children of different ages meet with the elders getting a chance to teach the youngers. Gandhi was so impressed with the Montessori format that Maria was invited over to India, which today is blessed at Lucknow with the largest Montessori in the world- 30000 children. Its facilities are also used to host various world congresses of the sort that champion family and cross-culural needs for project innovation. "Montessori is a BIG IDEA. More than a method of education, Montessori principles are “rooted in a social movement intended to champion the cause of all children, in all strata of society, of all races and ethnic backgrounds, within and beyond the context of educational institutions.” (with today's networking and connectedness) we are stretched in our responsibility towards the world and its inhabitants, particularly the weak and the small. As we are privileged to be with these new children, we become better adults, stretched to exert our own maximum effort by the dawning understanding of the possibility for happiness in this life and the potential for peace in this world. The Totality of Montessori spins around the universe and comes back to rest at home, within our heart."Annette Haines, 25 International Montessori conference.
0.5 Mother Theresa	If you invest love and trust into education or health care, you get far more than money alone. It seems entirely fitting that : the web with the best model we've seen for open sourcing health for all projects is currently coordinated out of Calcutta; that we dedicate catalogue searches of project networeks founded by women to Theresa; that we observe the memory of the founder of The Economist who died before his time in Calcutta trying to bring his views of the responsibility of economics and leadership to the British Raj The more systemic a context to every age of life, the more as ER100 James Grant demonstarted, a paragraph bears repeating with the 100% the same persuaion goal but a different nuance. Therefore: Mother Theresa teaches us that the highest trust public servant energises more community miracles than money alone ever can; and whom world class brands networks advocate that The Economist could support by co-sponsoring a Theresa alumni foundation matching .001% of it sales. This would be the most economic advertising a glocal 21st Century storytelling media could ever lead or editorialise, as well as a fitting tribute to its founder James Wilson whose life mission started and ended in Calcutta where he died before his time ten monthis into trying to reform the humanity of the economics policies of the British Raj.
0.6 John von Neumann
0.7 Manmohan Singh	This interview published originally in Cam (the alumni magazine of Cambridge Univeristy) rings very true of economics dons of the fifties. From there every step resonates with a man who cares deeply about devloping his country for the benefit of all, and has the integrity of vision, knowhow and temprament that remarkably few national leaders have had over the last half century. Please help us to collate bookmarks 1 on Manmohan Singh so that you can determine whether history will one day vote that he was the most practical economic revolutionary of the last half century. Some criteria for judging this contest are worth framing: Has any man's lifetime turned round such a large national economy? Please note, as we will explain in note below from our mid 20th Century correpondent from Cambridge Economics correpondent, we are assuming that Manmohan is not that sort of leader who claims individual glory for this, but a lifetime of experiences that put him on the unique path to do the right things at the right time India and China as the 2 great economic success stories of the last 2 decades have extraordinarily opposite profiles. Some will naysay India because its pathway (assuming it compound forward) is slower, deeper and potentially longer, more collborative, uniquely suited to propagate trust-flows around a global village age of hi-trust learning networks and resolving conflicts until we all love each other's best of cultures, and prevent the worst's from doing evil. Only time will tell. But better yet: teachers of today's children have a great opportunity to mentor them in understanding both routes- so transparency mapmakers can love the fact that 2 different economic models are there for the whole world to probe with questions From Our Correspondent on Cambridge Uni Economics 1950 -notes on Mentors of Manmohan Singh: Joan Robinson was a student of economics at the time of the great depression. She strongly wanted to see peoples in developing countries improve their lot but her persciptionof more government worked less of ten than she expected. She did care deeply and loved the opportunity to tutor students from all hemispheres, with a rapacious ear for listening to local diversity. However, as Singh himself politely questioned: finding conscientious bureaucrats isn't easy in the developing countries I know of - is it any easier in richer countries? Although a Keynsian by origin , Joan had a falling out as she argued ever more for state controls Nicholas Kaldor was from Hungary, a country that had not seen democracy in his growing up. He was brilliant academically (and a peer of Von Neumann) but his practice of economics for nations later turned out to be lacking. For example, when he consulted for the Calaghan government, his errors of attitude included arguing that estimated figures on which British budget economics policy making were made should not be published. His worry was that many official estimates turn out to be wrong. Democracy's counter-argument is that it is never good economics practice to block understanding of the assumptions on of a model that impacts citizens' taxes and livelihoods. Sir Dennis Robertson was a charming and kind man but an old fashioned economist, in the experience of a postgraduate who found far more interesting economics work to do in Fleet Street. Whilst it may have changed by 1950, just after the war, the Political Economy Club was for undergradutaes only. An extraordinary lecture our correspondent attended was the last Milton Keynes gave before his death - on currency exchange policies it proved to be as insightful for the future as only the best of Keynes was among academic economists of the first half of the 20th Century.
0.8 Einstein
0.9 Florence Nightingale

Wherever possible our entries search to include short answers to these questions: what was so revolutionary to open source at the time or place, background that suggests this wasn't just a one-thing invention but the golden thread of that person's lifetime mission, action learnings? pattern rules that the system revolution seems to have connected to achieve such a turning point in conventional society's behaviours, laws or views of what children should practice first to make the most difference through their lifetime networks of relationships with people. At wcbn007@easynet.co.uk We most welcome insights which make our answers richer or simpler than so far co-edited

Cautions: we're linguistically handicapped (English only). We leave space to invite connections with ER100 navigated in all human languages. History likes branding an individual person as the source of new wisdom though naturally for alumni networks to still be multiplingy value for every child who knows how to connect back to the original practice - many people must have kept the spirit and openly productive consequences waving. We welcome being told that any of our nominations were preceded by a great mentor who should also be recorded. Also because history has NOT given the world's greatest nurturing investors full credit, we know that we are failing to represent all that women have culturally created. We particularly invite links to an ER100 of women if anyone wishes to start that up.

Mary Robinson
Naomi Klein	Youth journalism and peer to peer training at its best. Brave and grassrooted amongst replaying the true human interest stories of what its like to be a society where honest hard working people and families has seen everything fall apart around them whilst top people snored or fiddled. In No Logo: Investigated at least 2 professions at the same time and proved them to be full of conflict. A representative of the extraordinary school of alteernative journalism in Canada, probably the best at worldwide investigative journalism in The North West Hemispheres
William Shakespeare
David Livingstone 1 2	Who are the modern day David Livingstones? The cross-cultural mapmakers on the changes peoples of the world are crying out for? Where do these people meet or network? Or do your life's travels give you an unqiue diversity to log up as an observer who loves connecting all the in children and peoples?
Tim Berners Lee
Ganesh Devy
Alfonso Lingis
Caroline Kruft
Nelson Mandela	Nominator- Sir Adrian Cadbury:I had the inestimable privilege of meeting Nelson Mandela last month. He is the most inspiring and outstanding individual I have ever met or am likely to meet. Our CapeTown thread discusses welcomes discussion on why the Mandela-Rhodes scholarship idea can be a fantastic one for alumni groups to connect through
Oded Grajew	Amongst people coordinating networks today, a question that interests me is to whom does the future of the world's children owe more to than any other man? Oded is certainly a contender (though this post welcomes your nominations). His story is not that well known outside the Portuguese speaking world. In Brazil, he owns a toy company. He had an idea when he became elected to chair the country's toy businesses association that they could collaborate around one relevant socila goal. They elected the goal: let's reduce exploitative child labour in Brazil. Since this mission was formed, about 40% reduction has been achieved. Once the toy industry had demonstrated that it could achieve a real social benefit without any loss to its profitability (indeed the brand logo uniting the toy industry's mission is so well loved and recognised that the industry sector has probably gained by any economic criteria) it started challenging other industries in Brazil. Now businesses representing over a third of GDP have formed benchmarking clubs to debate this challenge within the overall ethos brand. Since 2001 Grajew has been playing with paralel ideas uniting world social forums.

James Grant	This is an extract from The Child Survival Revolution chapter of 19 of Bornstein's book on Change the World. It also raises questions: if James helped us achieve so much between 1980-1995, how did we then let child survival rates slip again; even now as the Bill Gates Foundation picks up the trail why has it become so much more costly now than when James Grant encouraged the world to do it. It is also vital to note that one of the main programmes that Grant helped replicate around the world was pioneered first in Bangladesh by the heroic organisation BRAC founded by Fazel Abed (our next ER100 nomination) Grant orchestrated global health changes that saved the lives of at least 25 million children. From 1980 until his death in 1995, Grant, as head of Unicef conceived and led a worldwide campaign to make simple low-cost health solutions available to children everywhere. Largely as a result of the "child survival revolution" that Grant launched between 1981 and 1990 the worldwide vaccination rate for children increased from 20 to 80 per cent...If you ask almost anyone who worked closely with Grant at Unicef, you will be regaled with tales of his "boundless energy", "limitless optimism", "complete lack of self-importance" and "absolute refusal to accept that something could not be done". In 1980 President Jimmy Carter urged the UN Secretary-General to appoint Grant as head of Unicef. In 1982 Grant read a lecture entitled "Why the other half dies" written by Jon Rohde, an American paediatrician who had helped develop public health programs in Bangladesh and Haiti. Each year in the developing world, Rohde wrote, 14 million children under the age of five died. And the great majority died at home from diarrhoea, malnutrition, pneumonia or immunizable diseases. Most of these deaths were preventable with cheap and simple technologies that already existed. Grant visited Rohde in Haiti for 2 weeks, and on return to New York convened a meeting of senior staff of UNICEF and international health bodies. After Rohde presented his findings, Grant made his pitch: for the first time in history, he asserted, scientific advances and social conditions made it possible to meet the basic health needs of all the world's children. "Morality must march with capacity" de declared. Why were so many children still dying of preventable causes? The problem must be lack of vision and political will - and that , Grant Insisted, was what Unicef could and should supply. Some colleagues stormed out of the meeting, the audacity of the proposition being almost impossible to recapture. In late 1982, amid terrific grumbling, Grant launched Unicef's child survival revolution launching a strategy that became known as GOBI: G for Growth monitoring to detect undernutrition in small children; O for Oral dehydration therapy to treat childhood diarrhoea, B to encourage breastfeeding, and I for immunization against 6 basic diseases : tuberculosis, polio, dipheria, tetanus, whooping cough and measles. This was later extended to GOBI-FFF where F's were for : food supplements, family planning, and female education. Grant broke with UN management tradition by making assignments not on seniority but on ability- he would ask: who are the ,movers and shakers - the entrepreneurs around here? He kept close contact with field offices, but focused on exceptional information- what things were extremely good or extremely bad? He bolstered Unicef's media relations unit recruiting Harry Belafonte, Liv Ullmann and Audrey Hepburn as "Goodwill Ambassadors". Grant looked for support in unconventional places. He knew that the archbishop of Bogota had a thousand times more influence than the minister of health. But how do you get the archbishop on board? Jim called the Poe and asked him to send a message. He also forged partnerships with hundreds of groups including Red Cross and Red Crescent societies, Rotary International, the Catholic Church, El Azar, and the International Council of Nurses. Probably, the greatest advantage enjoyed by the director of Unicef is access to heads of state. Using this access, Grant set out systematically to communicate at the top-most political levels that child survival was a winner. He kept his message simple and his pockets full. He never appeared in public without a packet of Oral Rehydration Salts in his pocket. Sitting with a prime minister, he would take it out and say: Do you know that this costs less than a cup of tea and it can save hundreds of thousands of childrens lives in your country? He would sit with a king and start talking about diarrhoea. And he might visit the same prime minister or king 5 times and each time talk about diarrhoea. Jim knew you had to keep sending out the message that there's no mystery to saving child lives. He understood that you have to overcome your inhibition to repeating yourself. He made things personal. He had Unicef circulate posters with pictures of heads of state administering oral polio drops to babies. And always he promoted competition: In Turkey he would say to the head of state "You know Colombia is doing this..."
Fazle Aded
Muhammad Yunus
Jean Baptiste Say	Economics for sustaining peoples - and transparency of social networks - is a wholly different discipline from how to make big power bigger, or how to stop a run on a nation’s currency or big banks even if they are bankrupt, or how to bubble up an Enron and then short it. If only all children were taught about sustaining economics before becoming leaders, then I feel pretty sure that the badwill network leader and economics of bubbling up would beomce 20th century history. Strangely enough economics for people and social networks appears to be rooted in the discoveries of 2 Scots and one Frenchman that began with maps they made over 2 centuries ago. The Scots were: Adam Smith who mapped free markets and his Disciple James Wilson whose life mission involved restoration of public service to what had become a very corrupt English Houses of Parliament and launched The Economist as both media and a discipline whose severe contests with the transparency of leadership sought to prevent politicians from ever again corrupting what (by and for ) the people needed most to sustain. The Frenchman was Jean Baptiste Say. He converted Adam’s maps into French words such as Entrepreneur. He defined the entrepreneur as the person that everyone else trusted most in sustaining a new market so that it made progress for humanity. Everyone else included workers who spent a lifetime developing competences to serve that particular industry, owners of capital investors, and societies (communities) who invented natural and people resources. In Scottish and French languages the word entrepreneur has always involved mapping the long-term goodwill, transparency and exponential sustainability of a market systems’ trust-flows. However, in American English it lost this connotation until the term was reinforced with the adjective Social by Bill Drayton circa 1978. A few years later, Peter Drucker tried courageously to restore the value of the word entrepreneurship in his 1985 book Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Back in 1956, his Practice of Management book had valued marketing and innovation most but clearly by the 1980s commercial tv spots had changed marketing out of all recognition from what its knowledge connecting work meant in the fifties. Many people (and I don’t quarrel with this) vote Bill Drayton of www.ashoka.org as the number 1 social entrepreneur ... as the number 1 social entrepreneur of our times. However, several generations of my family have been concerned more than anything by the compound consequences of global media both broadcast and internet. This is where the question on who’s the most trusted who in these 2 spheres of competitive marketing and colaborative educational systems becomes relevant. Regarding the internet and www, we can simply start with Tim Berners Lee and then consider other contenders for world's most trusted social entrepreneur. Perhaps the biggest question in the world today is who will emerge as the most trusted person in public broadcasting
Peter Eigen	Peter Eigen spent most of his caeer at the World Bank. But as he got promoted up, he became more and more troubled. Things that worked to help improve the lot of peoples in countries he was originally given briefs on as a junior in the World Bank were not permitted in bigger countries when he was given assignments there. Over time a pattern emerged, where a country was strategic to the USA, the World Bank's aid came with conditional strings attached. In this and other ways, indirect and direct corruption was starting to be all around Peter. So he left and returned to his native home in Berlin to found Transparency International. Arguably, among youth this is the fastest growing grassroots networked organisation where poor people of every race and creed are sharing methodology frameworks and collaborating to change the system. Politicians used to letting transparency questions bounce like water off a duck's back would do well to see how the environment of transparency is changing exponentially fast now that many a social network can access a transparency mapmaking expert, and international standards can be benchmarked. Network generation research conducted on masses of Americans by Don Tapscott Associates suggests that transparency is a primary tipping point that youth as the first networked generation demand. Transparency is a core strand of networked quality, and corporations that are last to benchmark how to transform this into the way they govern will bust their shareholders. Because goodwill has been wrongly accounted for, many big organisations areat risk of being addicted to the nonsensical idea that big have a right to be less transparent than small. In any global market sector that currently operates like that, sensible pension fund investors and others who care what compounds over time would already be betting to the nearest thing to a racing certainty : short the least transparent global industry sectors. View more on why Peter and Transparency International http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3407997752764644269 believe the next 2 years may well be make or break, & note how he has been nominated as the Expert Judge of Africa Progress Panel conceptualised with Tony Blair, Funded by Bill Gates, and chaired by Kofi Annan, and designed to question G8 leaders to see if they are keeping their millennial human rights promises. Also Kofi Annan has recognised that his Global Compact's original 9 principles were incomplete systemically without transparency where corporations signing up to progressive improve now find that transparency has been integrated as the 10th principle. Peter Eigen credits Mary Robinson as hugely influential in transforming Kofi Annan's grassrots up understanding of communal sustainability. Last year, the inaugural Clinton Global Initiative, also given huge encouragement by Mary was reported in the Washington Post as killing the United Nations with kindness. It may now be that the UN's own sustainability depends on getting transparency fast. Simply speaking transparency and good 21st C business go hand in hand. But if you need another reason, then be aware that the athematics of transparency and how to prevent a terror network from succeeding are equivalent to each other. Politicians who kill their own people by failing to get this networeking age need to be punished with all that society can avail. Ignorance of the need for transparency is no excuse now that such high levels of awareness are compounding among the peoples.
Tiger Woods
Adam Smith	with thanks to crisiseconomics.tv Unknown to many, the word entrepreneur was coined around 1800 by students of Adam Smith's free market school and was concerned with open investigations ahead of time as to whether each new industrial revolution market sector would sustain all sides who contribute to an industry. THE SYSTEM 3-in-1 Value Multipliers of Hi-trust ENTREPENEURSHIP or sustainability *people who put their lives into a particular industries *societies who put natural resources, education, cultural energies/spirit into an industry *as well as people who put in money or lifeless thing-assets (aka tangibles) (Technical aside: Georgetown & Brookings research on Unseen Wealth 2000 chaired by Margaret Blair - fascinating 95% of how future wealth*health compounds currently unseen, ungoverned by the metrics the top uses- very very risky state of systemisation for us all if you take a personal debrief from Margaret which I did in early 2001; this was Andersen's final tipping point to come back to true & fair which it overshot by miles. Interesting test case : billions of value to owners; billions of value to employees and business customers; 0 value to society. If you believe you control systemic futures only by adding to a bottom line you do what Andersen leaders continued to systematically conflict. If you believe systems value multiply, your leaders would have intervened for trust-flow and true purpose before losing all sustainability )

Speciality Tours 1 Sustainability Investment
(help us choose at least one person in this tour who needs to be in the ER100 so that sustainability is represented and the whole flow discussed in this tour is likely to be faciliated by networked alumni of the nominated person)

SUSTAINABILITY CHAIRMAN RAY ANDERSON
Whereas most CEOs of global stockmarket companies have not yet begun to transform their sustainability so that children will continue to exist in the future, Ray is on a mission to become sustainability neutral and presents compelling evidence of how the nearer his mission goal is achieved the better it is for every other pusiness goal including profitavility ones

Here is a conversation the association of sustainability investment networks submitted to the first ever travel guide on world changers. If they could not get Ray to join in given the tight deadline of the first edition, who else might they feature. Of course we'd love you to post other nominations either below or by email to me chris.macrae@yahoo.co.uk The idea of the first tour guide being compiled out of London is to provide an example which many localities can chosse to mix and match with as world changers guides become as popular everywhere as restaurant or hotel guides!

ALTERNATIVE TO RAY ANDERSON - Guided tour around MountSustainability
ANDERSON SUMMARY: Sustainability business is better business and compounds more profits but it requires a network or organisations (business, governments, citizen orgs) to all collaborate in doing it, not a single organisation ring-fencing boundaries. This is because all sustainability investments need to work out how one organisation's waste output is another's input. This is an environmental system transformation pattern rule that nature always uses in deciding survival of the fittest whenever space gets crowded. The other exchange sustainability corporations entrepreneurially master is to simply see what value people most relate through. Some want learning exponentials and alumni networks over money at least while they are young. Some want to develop a cross-cultural and nature-friendly community that will be healthy for their family. Some want to work with fun people, and be proud of the difference their lifetime made. Some know that as transparency gets fully accounted for the reputation and brand will be wholly devalued wherever a corporation has been profiting from putting people at risk. Some see truth and soul being interconnected with positive energies like love or courage to innovate in time with chnage. Some see sustainability cooperations as the greatest network innovation advantages as death-of-distance and world is flat economic genres have foretold since 1984. Some refuse to believe that zero-sum games are what knowledge networking economics truly revolves round.. The only stakeholder who cannot win-win-win with a sustainability model is the short-term speculator who incidentally wants to bubble up and short down. The fact that SVA now usually stands for Speculator has brought pensioners to their knees, externalised global poverty/risk, and brought corporation law as well as governments into disrepute - but that is just the final non-transparency of a global economy legislated by the lowest standards a Delaware lawyer can make the most personal gain from, and spreadsheet by false numbers or over-standardisation, instead of truly/wholly compounding deepest system purpose and transparency

http://clubofmountainview.blogspot.com
working back from greatest thing london citizen networks could collaborate around- namely start sustainability and transparency benchmarking clubs in which leaders of corporations participated.

Benchmarking system transformation is not going to happen simultaneously the way it did the only previous time that all corporations admitted their system was broken. This was total physical quality in the 1980s ;and Reagan was looking for something to commemorate his friend (Baldrige) and minister for industry who died in air crash; and American industry was losing hand over heels to the Japanese in cars and electronic sectors.

25 years later: all governments in the West (superpower USA accepted but unlikely to start transparency and sustainability bencmarking whilst the top 3 only seem to know the global sectors energy, arms and reconstruction sectors) feel much more inferior to global industry sectors who can say we will go else where; and anyhow sustainability and human relations network benchmarking is much more specific. Ideally it should focus global market sector by sector (and incidentally national govs are just one sector) on what is it we as whole industry know compounds most riskily to human futures (particularly onto places that are already poorest) which we profit from either in competing with each other or because society does not cost if fully yet.

So petroleum economics is most risky to preventing innovation of clean energy in time for future genartions to exist; toymakers may not be most risky but could most leverage no child-worker abuse as per oded grajew's example in brazil at Ethos ; banks coud stop money laundering; supermarkets could refuse to stock products based on slave labour the other side of the world. All of these ways of transforming involve openly spilling the beans on the risk, and collaboratively agreeing to turn round...

Forming such benchmaking groups could have been the natural way for Be The Change to energise out of London as a number 1 COOPERATION city
http://thecooperation.blogspot.com and once that had momentum could have been ideal for Gandhi's centenary in Ahmedabad at the end of next year.
In no other country is it constitutionally so safe as in the Uk for citizen groups to take each sector and ask what is its greatest compound risk to humanity. And in no other city as London is the multicultural sustainability of all open cities going to be piloted more rapidly. Transparency Cooperation would put together context specific experts who know the risks; social people who share a sustainability concern; educating public media (BBC!), economists, consumers and teachers of youth and celebrities to change demand; its a form of benchmarking consultancy that corporates can be charged for and funds allocated so people earn a living and return any surplus to the pro bono causes. In fact, it's the single form of global management consultancy that transaperncy , sustainability and people most need but will never be offered by the global management consultants because they are into compoundining the opposite.
But even when Colin was there he found no traction for that across Be The Change leadership though he had started to do it himself as you can see at his blog:
http://www.empowermentillustrated.com/mtarchive/cat_sustainability.html

His closest partnership however was forged in the US with Frank Dixon

www.innovestgroup.com
a NY tel +1-212-421-2000 ; a london tel 020 7073 0470

If Ray Anderson is the only known US chairman to make the business case for sustainability , then Sir John Banham is the only major Uk chairman I am aware of. Indeed he goes round risk conferences and pension reform forums stating that the only cure to sustainability investment is to get industry sectors to huddle.. John Banham has recently retired from Whitbread but remains the chairman of Johnson Matthey http://www.matthey.com/about/management.htm Johnson Matthey Plc
40-42 Hatton Garden
London EC1N 8EE

In previous years he was the director general of the CBI and encouraged sustainability discussion groups there

At the CBI , John's expert was Andrew Blaza. Since leaving the CBI Andrew has been teaching postgraduate courses at Imperial and is probably better networked than anyone to explain each industry's wrong turning points. For example I had a briefing from him on genetically modified crops. There could have been some advantages to these but many years ago, the industry probably led by Monsanto took a wrong turn and has embedded useless feriliser polluting business model into all genetic seeds
Blaza
Forenames Andrew
Titles Mr
Job Title Principal Research Fellow
Faculty NATURAL SCIENCES
Division/Department Centre for Environmental Policy


Who else gets sustainability - well famously John Elkington, and he did support socila lawyer Joel Bakan who produced the film www.thecorporation.com but he has a very pricy and rather closed consultancy business as far as I have been able to penetrate www.sustainability.com
info@sustainability.com


Among forum most able to host benchmarking clusters we might think of www.tomorrowscompany.com headed by lawyer Mark Goyder
mark@tomorrowscompany.com and a sister company to the Royal Society of Art www.rsa.org.uk which Mark used to run. And even though Mark has just assembled 10 global companies in a syndicate with interesting players like Infosys, his main client is BP; and somehwere along Mark's classical economics understanding he refuses to believe in compound externalities as a responsiblity of global business constitution, having written a scathing review of The Corporation

Back in the USA you have former georgetown lawyer now at Tenesee Margaret Blair who chaired the year 2000 inquest into compound welath destruction "Unseen Wealth" published by Brookings Institute and briefed the incoming Bush administartion on how failure to audit wealth in service and networked economies in a way that prevents conflicts compounding woul increase global risks year on year.
Prof. Blair can now be reached at:
Margaret M. Blair
Professor of Law
Vanderbilt University Law School
131 21st Avenue South
Nashville, TN 37203-1181


And of course there is Al Gore with his training of 1000 people in Nashville to use the Inconvenient Truth slides that starred in the movie sponsored by Skoll's Participant Productions and also keynote at 2006's social entrepreneur world championships in Oxford and at Tomorrows Company (if you want a copy of the 3 megabyte report TC compiled after Al Gore's talk please say)

And there is the main solution - photosynthesis architecture and algae oil production of Rick Nelson and www.solaroof.org

Special Tour - 2 Sustainability of Children

James Grant - Saving more children than any man
This is an extract from The Child Survival Revolution chapter of 19 of Bornstein's book on Change the World. It also raises questions: if James helped us achieve so much between 1980-1995, how did we then let child survival rates slip again; even now as the Bill Gates Foundation picks up the trail why has it become so much more costly now than when James Grant encouraged the world to do it. It is also vital to note that one of the main programmes that Grant helped replicate around the world was pioneered first in Bangladesh by the heroic organisation BRAC founded by Fazel Abed (our next ER100 nomination)

Grant orchestrated global health changes that saved the lives of at least 25 million children. From 1980 until his death in 1995, Grant, as head of Unicef conceived and led a worldwide campaign to make simple low-cost health solutions available to children everywhere.

Largely as a result of the "child survival revolution" that Grant launched between 1981 and 1990 the worldwide vaccination rate for children increased from 20 to 80 per cent...If you ask almost anyone who worked closely with Grant at Unicef, you will be regaled with tales of his "boundless energy", "limitless optimism", "complete lack of self-importance" and "absolute refusal to accept that something could not be done".

In 1980 President Jimmy Carter urged the UN Secretary-General to appoint Grant as head of Unicef. In 1982 Grant read a lecture entitled "Why the other half dies" written by Jon Rohde, an American paediatrician who had helped develop public health programs in Bangladesh and Haiti. Each year in the developing world, Rohde wrote, 14 million children under the age of five died. And the great majority died at home from diarrhoea, malnutrition, pneumonia or immunizable diseases. Most of these deaths were preventable with cheap and simple technologies that already existed. Grant visited Rohde in Haiti for 2 weeks, and on return to New York convened a meeting of senior staff of UNICEF and international health bodies. After Rohde presented his findings, Grant made his pitch: for the first time in history, he asserted, scientific advances and social conditions made it possible to meet the basic health needs of all the world's children. "Morality must march with capacity" de declared. Why were so many children still dying of preventable causes? The problem must be lack of vision and political will - and that , Grant Insisted, was what Unicef could and should supply. Some colleagues stormed out of the meeting, the audacity of the proposition being almost impossible to recapture.

In late 1982, amid terrific grumbling, Grant launched Unicef's child survival revolution launching a strategy that became known as GOBI: G for Growth monitoring to detect undernutrition in small children; O for Oral dehydration therapy to treat childhood diarrhoea, B to encourage breastfeeding, and I for immunization against 6 basic diseases : tuberculosis, polio, dipheria, tetanus, whooping cough and measles. This was later extended to GOBI-FFF where F's were for : food supplements, family planning, and female education.

Grant broke with UN management tradition by making assignments not on seniority but on ability- he would ask: who are the ,movers and shakers - the entrepreneurs around here? He kept close contact with field offices, but focused on exceptional information- what things were extremely good or extremely bad? He bolstered Unicef's media relations unit recruiting Harry Belafonte, Liv Ullmann and Audrey Hepburn as "Goodwill Ambassadors".

Grant looked for support in unconventional places. He knew that the archbishop of Bogota had a thousand times more influence than the minister of health. But how do you get the archbishop on board? Jim called the Poe and asked him to send a message. He also forged partnerships with hundreds of groups including Red Cross and Red Crescent societies, Rotary International, the Catholic Church, El Azar, and the International Council of Nurses.

Probably, the greatest advantage enjoyed by the director of Unicef is access to heads of state. Using this access, Grant set out systematically to communicate at the top-most political levels that child survival was a winner. He kept his message simple and his pockets full. He never appeared in public without a packet of Oral Rehydration Salts in his pocket. Sitting with a prime minister, he would take it out and say: Do you know that this costs less than a cup of tea and it can save hundreds of thousands of childrens lives in your country? He would sit with a king and start talking about diarrhoea. And he might visit the same prime minister or king 5 times and each time talk about diarrhoea. Jim knew you had to keep sending out the message that there's no mystery to saving child lives. He understood that you have to overcome your inhibition to repeating yourself. He made things personal. He had Unicef circulate posters with pictures of heads of state administering oral polio drops to babies. And always he promoted competition: In Turkey he would say to the head of state "You know Colombia is doing this..."

I2 Map deepest social projects that resolve a contextual crisis in one place and could replicate across villages in similar crisis around the globe
I2.1 India’s Childline 1
I2.2 Africa’s Myrna Lewis – children’s communities without parents
I2.3 Projects franchised interlocally during BRAC’s first 30 years –see I4

I3 Mediate with global business sectors until they collaboratively promote prevention of the sector’s greatest risk to ending human sustainability

I3.1 Brazil >Grajew< Africa WSF 1
I3.2 Berlin>Eigen< Africa P Panel Transparency
I3.3 CA>Skoll*Drayton- Social Entrepreneur World Championships Kofin Annan & Mary
RobinsonRights & Compact

I4 Citizen networks change allocation of public service budgets and charities to grassroots up franchises that work because the empower participation through the community
I4.1 BRAC Bangladesh 70s found how to cut infant deaths under 5 from 16% to 4% -it is now Bangladesh’s and the World’s largest citizen organisation; Jim Grant adopted this franchise and marketed it through national leaders until his death in 1995 (15 years when UNICEF worked every UN contact for sustaining children); Belatedly Bill & Melinda Gates have picked up from this line of progress but the channel connections and passion Grant used are not there; worse HIV has decimated the parents in many of the most desperate lands, and whilst the cold war between US & Russia permitted humanitarians to come in for child health; the religious/cultures wars between the religions America supports and the ones it does not now block childcare. This is why Childcare will not be reconciled in worst case places without the Eigen transformation of transparency and the Mary Robinson

With WorldEntrepreneur.Net , we invite you to reflect on this presentation Bill Drayton made at google.org with special reference to the segment beginning at 22mins 40 sec on the need to help all children to develop advanced empathy skills. Bill mentions a subnetwork of 400 of ashoka's 2000 social entrepreneurs who are collaborating around this gravitational focus of everyone's a changemaker. Let's see if we can identify bookmarks to as many of the 400 as possible

ashoka intro on mosaic for 21st century training of advanced empathy

Canadian -Mary Gordon - A B C - referred to by Bill as a leading case in empathy training

More of ashoka's social entrepreneurs of teaching:
Aleta Margolis A usa
Cynthia Mpati
María Isabel Santillana
Rajeev Vartak India
SN Gananath
John Mighton
Sangkom Thongmee
Juana Loayza
Jane Olatunji Hughes
María Marta Camacho Alvarez Costa Rica
Socorro Guterres
Porn Panosot
Wachidus (We Es) Sururi
Kevin Long
Padmanabha Rao
Anna Gajewska
Helena Balabánová
Runa Doja Khan
Abhijit Bardhan *
Peter Volmink
Awa Fall-Diop
Grzegorz Tabasz
Geeta Ramanujam
Anjana Batra
Yogendra Singh
Maxine Bernstein
Sharon Levy
Teesta Setalvad
Clara Victoria Colbert
Omar Azad Chowdhury
Fatou Jobe
Víctor Rodríguez Ugalde
Stella Tamang
José Reyes
Madhav Chavan
Robert Simmons
Ashoka: Fellows
Maria Carmen Schulze
Cynthia Figueiredo Camargo
Josephina Bacariça
Edison Durval Ramos Carvalho
Juan Areli Bernal
Bapak Sudarno
Craig Esbeck
Edvalda Pereira Torres
Apisiree Jaranchawanapate
Eva Sopková
Sonam Wangchuk
Peter Lazar
Agatha Thapa
Samanta Barua
Jati Kuswardono
David Levin
Juan José Merê
Parul Sheth
Shaheen Mistri
José Ancán
Maurice Bazin Brazil
Manoel Andrade
Anil Shaligram
Eliane Lima Dos Santos(Eliane Potiguara)
Edson Hiroshi Séo
Telma Weisz
Lia Zatz
Mark Callaghan
Ricardo Cobo Díaz
Patricia Blanco
Jorge Marciano Chojolán Pacajoj
Gregory John Smith
Saidou Ouédraogo
Jeruse Maria Romão
Silvana Veinberg
Damodar Acharya
Reaz Ahmed
Avinash Shirke
Elie Ghanem
Tamer Bahaa
Lynn Freiji
Pradit Prasartthong
Mary Anne Müller
Temp Keller
Mahabir Pun
Edit Gyorik
Lajos Orosz
Bhadra Man Tuladhar
Shadrack Tshivhase
William Solomon
Gabor Fekete
Ferenc Orsos
Raul Collazos
- Kwesi Prah
Jorni Odochow
Néstor Mendieta

Fox * Quakers: If we have omitted one of Fox's main action learning's please post it. You may also vote against one of these listed action learnings if you feel its out of place. Ideally cite exactly one link to yourself or the network perspective you bring.

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What People Have Been Able to Do Because of George Fox/ Quakers

Convene meetings in (what was then) the most powerful city in the world to peacefully explore how to take back another country’s freedom

Make the most constructive use of a real time dialogue between an idea that someone proposes and a response from everyone in the community the idea impacts

Debate what contexts of social life are best developed from a community’s context up than planned according to some generalised standard

Network through the warp of ethical dilemmas and conflict situations

-resource: online history of letter-writing by Quakers

Wilson * The Economist: If we have omitted one of Wilson's main action learnings, please post it. You may also vote against one of these listed action learnings if you feel its out of place. Ideally cite exactly one link to yourself or the network perspective you bring.

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What People Have Been Able to Do Because of James Wilson/The Economist

Catalogue stories of “why did nobody ever tell me that before” and have no fear of hosting public debates on systemic innovations in the light of the new understanding

Debate future histories around exponentials whose time is come or socially about to come

Ground libertarian free markets in transparency principles where honest plod and fair industry always beats those sponsored to govern by opposite means

Earn media and mediation authority as a judge that constantly favours :
-the peoples economics over the big get bigger
-searching for investments in economics of abundance not of scarcity

Entrepreneurially resolve conflicts between environmental 1 change's compounding consequences and the way old or vested interests still rule. If a democratic country’s sustained economic performance ultimately compounds around transparent justice in making the most of child’s future lifetime inputs and demands, James was concerned with the historical context (early 19th century) of taking back for "all the people" laws that landowners had introduced (eg The Corn Laws) both to externalise the risk onto the peoples and to monopolise markets; his twin freedom of speech ventures with media and parliament were determined to raise the biggest question needed if diverse representaives of community were to colaborate around relentlessly see to it that the powers at the top of future’s industrial sectors never behave in similar ways who used land to socially control people. We infer the primary responsibility of the James Watson school of economics is educational : it revels in celebrating future history debates geared to transparently opening up education and sytsemic knowledge flows ahead of environmental or exponential revolutions. What do you think were relevant dates to open source debates on what great innovation changes connecting the future of everyone's lifetimes? eg do you agree with these dates and ER network origins? 1976 1982 1984 -please help us to linkin to more recent dates marking ER network origins with critical consequences for how families, teachers and leaders mentor tomorrow's adults?

Gandhi * Leadership Truth: If we have omitted one of Gandhi's main action learnings, please post it. You may also vote against one of these listed action learnings if you feel its out of place. Ideally cite exactly one link to yourself or the network perspective you bring.

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What people have been able to do since Gandhi:

Navigate through system transformation and constitutional change however great, according to Einstein: Gandhi has invented a completely new and humane means for the liberation war of an oppressed country, and practised it with greatest energy and devotion. The moral influence he had on the consciously thinking human being of the entire civilized world will probably be much more lasting than it seems in our time with its over-estimation of brutal violent forces. Because lasting will only be the work of such statesmen who wake up and strengthen the moral power of their people through their example and educational works

Sustain life, however fast technology’s cross-cultural webbing, provided we always take care to audit the local to global system triangle the same way round that nature’s gravitation has demanded throughout evolution:
Micro (or context up)
Inter (including media, mediation, socially open space)
Macro (or top down)

According to Prime Minister Singh (Cantab article) : defining the union of economics and democracy as no nation must ever systematically compound an underclass - be this sexual, racial, creed or otherwise identified.

Manmohan Singh - Greatest National Practitioner of economics over last Half Century?
See more in the main section on why we contend Manmohan is a world class practitioner benchmark of economics of nations.

Has any man's lifetime turned round such a large national economy? Please note from biograpical articles on Singh and personal confirmations of formative periods of his life, we are assuming that Manmohan is not that sort of leader who claims individual glory for this, but a lifetime of experiences that put him on the unique path to do the right things at the right time. There's no economics training that can beat diversity of experiences including ones where tragedies befell communities that goodwill and peace and other sustained prior efforts could quite logically have prevented.

India and China as the 2 great economic success stories of the last 2 decades have extraordinarily opposite profiles. Some will naysay India because its pathway (assuming it compound forward) is slower, deeper and potentially longer, more collborative, uniquely suited to propagate trust-flows around a global village age of hi-trust learning networks and resolving conflicts until we all love each other's best of cultures, and prevent the worst's from doing evil. Only time will tell. But better yet: teachers of today's children have a great opportunity to mentor them in understanding both routes- so transparency mapmakers can love the fact that 2 different economic models are there for the whole world to probe with questions

More links to changes Quakers helped to catalyse through history:


Canada's SE Foundation writes: John Woolman (U.S.) - Led U.S. Quakers to voluntarily emancipate all their slaves between 1758 and 1800, his work also influenced the British Society of Friends, a major force behind the British decision to ban slaveholding. Quakers, of course, became a major force in the U.S. abolitionist movement as well as a key part of the infrastructure of the Underground Railroad.

more links to India

The man who designed Tiranga
Few of us associate the name of Pingali Venkayya with anything else other than as being the original designer of the national flag. But how many of us know that this versatile genius was a prolific writer, a Japanese lecturer and a geophysicist? Born on August 2, 1876 to Hanumantharayudu and Venkataratnamma at Bhatlapennumaru in the Divi taluk in Krishna district, Pingali was a precocious child. After finishing his primary education at Challapalli and school at the Hindu High School, Masulipatnam, he went to Colombo to complete his Senior Cambridge. Enthused by patriotic zeal, he enlisted himself for the Boer war at 19. While in Africa he met Gandhi, and their rapport lasted for more than half a century. On his return to India he worked as a railway guard at Bangalore and Madras and subsequently joined the government service as the plague officer at Bellary. His patriotic zeal, however, did not permit him to stagnate in a permanent job, and his quest for education took him to Lahore where he joined the Anglo-Vedic College, and learnt Japanese and Urdu. He studied Japanese and history under Prof Gote.

During his five years? stay in the north, he became active in politics. Pingali met many revolutionaries and planned strategies to overthrow the colonial rule. The 1906 Congress session with Dadabhai Naoroji witnessed Pingali emerging as an activist and a force behind the decision making committee. Here he met the famous philanthropist, the Raja of Munagala, and from 1906-11, he spent his time in Munagala researching on agriculture and the crops. For his pioneering study on the special variety of ?Cambodia cotton?, he came to be called ?Patti Venkayya?. Even the British were taken up by his contributions in the field of agriculture and conferred on him honorary membership of the Royal Agricultural Society of Britain.

Finally, this man went back to his roots at Masulipatnam and focused his energies on developing the National School (at Masulipatnam), where he taught his students basic military training, horse riding, history and knowledge of agriculture, soil, crops and its relation to nature. Not content with being a theoretician, Pingali's day-to-day activities also reflected a deep commitment to his liberal values. In 1914, he turned his agricultural land into an estate and named it Swetchapuram.
The prismatic colours of his personality reflected an unusual ray in the years 1916-21. After researching into 30 kinds of flags from all over the world, Pingali conceived the design of a flag which became the forbearer of the Indian national flag. Though all credit goes to Pingali for having conceived the national flag in its present form, its antecedents can be traced back to the Vande Mataram movement.

For a brief history of the origins of the Indian flag we have to go back to August 1, 1906 to the Parsee Bagan Square (Green Park) at Calcutta where the first national flag of India was hoisted. This flag was composed of horizontal stripes of red, yellow and green. The strip on the top had eight white lotuses embossed in a row. On
the yellow strip were the words Bande Mataram in deep blue
Devanagari script.

Madame Cama and her group of exiled revolutionaries hoisted the second flag in Paris around 1907. This was similar to the first flag except that the top strip had only one-lotus andseven stars denoting the saptarishis. This was exhibited at a socialist conference in Berlin. By the time the third flag went up in 1917, the political struggle had taken a definite turn. Annie Besant and Tilak hoisted the flag during the Home Rule Movement with an addition in the left hand corner (the pole end), the stamp of the Union
Jack.

There was also a white crescent and star in one corner indicating the aspirations of people of those years. The inclusion of the Union Jack symbolised the goal for dominion status. However, the presence of the Union Jack indicating a political compromise, made the flag unacceptable to many. The call for new leadership brought Gandhi to the fore in 1921 and through him the first tricolour flag.

The years 1921-31 constitute a heroic chapter in not only Pingali Venkayya's life but also in the history of the freedom struggle of Andhra. The AICC met at a historic two day session at Bezwada (March 31 and April 1, 1921). It was at this session that this frail middle aged gentleman, Pingali, approached Gandhi with the flag he designed for India. Pingali?s flag was made of two colours, red and green representing the two major communities of the country. Thus the Indian flag was born but it was not officially accepted by any resolution of the All India Congress Committee. Gandhi?s approval made it popular and it was hoisted at all Congress sessions. Hansraj of Jallandar suggested the representation of the charkha, symbolising progress and the common man. Gandhi amended, insisting on the addition of a white strip to represent the remaining minority communities of India.

A consensus could not be reached until 1931. The designing of the colours in the flag ran into rough weather even as communal tension broke out on the issue of its interpretation. The final resolution was passed when the AICC met at Karachi in 1931. The flag was interpreted as saffron for courage, white for truth and peace, and green for faith and prosperity. The dharma chakhra which appears on the abacus of the Sarnath at the capital of Emperor Ashoka was adopted in the place of spindle and string as the emblem on
the national flag.

Interpreting the colours chosen for the national flag, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan explained the saffron colour denoted renunciation or disinterestedness of political leaders towards material gains in life. The white depicted enlightenment, lighting the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green symbolised our relation to the soil, to the plant life here on which all other life depends. The Ashoka wheel in the centre of the white strip represented the law of dharma.

Speaking philosophically, he remarked that the national flag ought to control the principles of all those who worked under it. The wheel denoted motion and? India should no more resist change as there was death in stagnation?. Pingali Venkayya, the illustrious visionary, the designer of the national flag died, unhonoured on July 4, 1963, in conditions of poverty. It was only a few years ago that his daughter began to receive pension from the government. There is not even a memorial in his hometown Machilipatnam to the man who brought such glory to Andhra. Even the original house has been razed to the ground

More on James Wilson & The Economist
http://www.economist.com/printedition/displaystory.cfm?story_id=1873493
Prospectus
Aug 5th 1843
From The Economist print edition
And now we beg to submit the following detail of the plans which we have thoroughly organised to carry into effect these objects of our ardent desires, in the following
PROSPECTUS
of a weekly paper, to be published every Saturday, and to be called
THE ECONOMIST,
which will contain—
First.—ORIGINAL LEADING ARTICLES, in which free-trade principles will be most rigidly applied to all the important questions of the day—political events—and parliamentary discussions; and particularly to all such as relate immediately to revenue, commerce, and agriculture; or otherwise affect the material interests of the country.
Second.—Articles relating more especially to some practical, commercial, agricultural, or foreign topic of passing interest; of the state of the revenue, foreign treaties, &c.
Third.—An article on the elementary principles of political economy, applied in a familiar and popular manner to practical experience; especially in relation to the laws of price—wages—rent—exchange—revenue—taxes—and the relation between producers and consumers abroad and at home; proved and illustrated by the experience of this and other countries.

Fourth.—PARLIAMENTARY REPORTS: Giving at greater length all discussions peculiarly interesting to commerce and agriculture, and especially involving the principles of Free Trade.
Fifth.—POPULAR MOVEMENTS: A report and account of all popular movements throughout the country in favour of Free Trade.
Sixth.—GENERAL NEWS: A summary of all the news of the week,—the Court—the Metropolis—the Provinces; Scotland and Ireland.
Seventh.—COMMERCIAL: Under this head a careful and elaborate account will be given of the trade of the week; with special notices of changes in fiscal regulations; state and prospects of the markets, especially indicating the progress of stocks and consumption; of imports and exports; latest Foreign News, likely to influence future supply; the state of the manufacturing districts; notices of important new mechanical improvements; shipping news; an account of the money market, and of the progress of railways and public companies.
Eighth.—AGRICULTURAL: Under this head we will give frequent articles on improvements in agriculture; on the application of geology and chemistry; on new and improved implements; and in every way, to the utmost of our power, assist that true and independent spirit which is everywhere rising among the best landlords and farmers, to rely on the only safe support agriculture can have—intelligence, ingenuity, and perseverance, instead of deceptive protection. We will give a general detail of incidents, state of crops, markets, prices, foreign markets and prices converted into English money; and we have made an arrangement to communicate, from time to time, in some detail, the plans pursued in Belgium, Switzerland, and other well-cultivated countries.
Ninth.—COLONIAL AND FOREIGN: In which we will furnish the earliest information respecting the trade, produce, political and fiscal changes, and other matter interesting; and, particularly, we will endeavour to expose the evils of restriction and protection, and the advantages of free intercourse and trade.
Tenth.—LAW REPORTS: These we will confine chiefly to such as are particularly important to commerce, manufactures, and agriculture.
Eleventh.—NOTICE OF BOOKS: Confined chiefly, but not so exclusively, to such as treat of the foregoing subjects; including all treatises on political economy, finance, or taxation.
Twelfth.—COMMERCIAL GAZETTE: Price currents and statistics of the week.
Thirteenth.—CORRESPONDENCE, INQUIRIES, &c.: Under this head we especially invite every one to apply for information on all the topics herein enumerated, which we do not furnish, or which is not given in such details as may be required. We have made an arrangement by which inquiries shall be replied to in the next number, if received by Thursday morning, on all subjects enumerated in this prospectus:—POLITICAL ECONOMY AND COMMERCE; FOREIGN COMMERCIAL REGULATIONS; TARIFFS, RATES OF DUTIES, AND PORT REGULATIONS; EXISTING COMMERCIAL TREATIES; POINTS OF COMMERCIAL LAW; GENERAL STATISTICS, connected with our trade for the last twenty years, or earlier, when they exist; AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS AND IMPROVEMENTS; and on other practical and economical subjects required.
EXTRA MONTHLY STATISTICAL AND PARLIAMENTARY PAPER NUMBER:—In each month we will publish an extra number, devoted exclusively to statistics, and the preservation of the statistical parts of documents laid before parliament; many of which, of great value, never at present reach the public eye, or at least in a very limited way. There can be no question that, whether we speak of the economist, the legislator, the merchant, or the trader, statistics must form the most important ground-work of the whole of his reasonings, opinions, and actions; they are, in short, the fundamental facts on which all his opinions and actions must be based to be true; it is difficult to estimate their importance. At the same time we must remark, that however powerful and useful they may be as an instrument, they cannot be used with safety without considerable knowledge of the peculiar subjects, and without the exercise of great discretion in drawing results. This we will endeavour to aid by explanatory notes and observations in the collection and arrangement. Our plan is,—to divide this monthly number into two parts, one for permanent statistics, in which we will commence and collect together in alphabetical order the statistics of our revenue and trade, including exports and imports, navigation, agriculture, and currency for the last twenty years:—the trade with our colonies, and of our colonies with each other, and with this country:—and various interesting statistical statements which we can get relating to the same subjects in foreign countries: the other part we will apply to the statistics of the day: the comparison of our trade, imports, exports, consumption, stocks, &c., of all the leading articles of commerce, between the current year and the corresponding period of the preceding year: and other matters useful and interesting to the material interests of the country.
And at the end of each year, we will furnish a title-page and general index to the whole paper, including the statistical numbers, so that the whole may form a useful volume of reference to the economist, the politician, the merchant, and manufacturer, the agriculturalist, and the general reader.
We have made such arrangements and under such superintendence, as will secure the accomplishment of all that we propose, in a way which we trust will render our objects and exertions useful to the country: we have no party or class interests or motives; we are of no class, or rather of every class: we are of the landowning class: we are of the commercial class interested in our colonies, in our foreign trade, and in our manufactures: but our opinions are that not one part of these can have any lasting and true success that is not associated and co-existing with the prosperity of all.
And lastly—if we required higher motives than bare utility, to induce that zeal, labour, and perseverance against all the difficulties which we shall have to encounter in this work—we have them. If we look abroad, we see within the range of our commercial intercourse whole islands and continents, on which the light of civilization has scarce yet dawned; and we seriously believe that FREE TRADE, free intercourse, will do more than any other visible agent to extend civilization and morality throughout the world—yes, to extinguish slavery itself. Then, if we look around us at home, we see ignorance, depravity, immorality, irreligion, abounding to an extent disgraceful to a civilized country; and we feel assured that there is little chance of successfully treating this great national disease while want and pauperism so much abound: we can little hope to improve the mental and moral condition of a people while their physical state is so deplorable:—personal experience has shown us in the manufacturing districts that the people want no acts of parliament to coerce education or induce moral improvement when they are in physical comfort—and that, when men are depressed with want and hunger, and agonized by the sufferings of helpless and starving children, no acts of parliament are of the slightest avail. We look far beyond the power of acts of parliament, or even of the efforts of the philanthropist or the charitable, however praiseworthy, to effect a cure for this great national leprosy; we look mainly to an improvement in the condition of the people. And we hope to see the day when it will be as difficult to understand how an act of parliament could have been made to restrict the food and employment of the people, as it is now to conceive how the mild, inoffensive spirit of Christianity could ever have been conceived into the plea of persecution and martyrdom, or how poor old wrinkled women, with a little eccentricity, were burned by our forefathers for witchcraft.

90 of ER100 - Alumni Networks of Entrepreneurs Sustaining All 21st C Teachers & Children

91 of ER100 - Alumni Networks of Entrepreneurs Sustaining All 21st C Teachers & Children

92 of ER100 - Alumni Networks of Entrepreneurs Sustaining All 21st C Teachers & Children

93 of ER100 - Alumni Networks of Entrepreneurs Sustaining All 21st C Teachers & Children

94 of ER100 - Alumni Networks of Entrepreneurs Sustaining All 21st C Teachers & Children

95 of ER100 - Alumni Networks of Entrepreneurs Sustaining All 21st C Teachers & Children

96 of ER100 - Alumni Networks of Entrepreneurs Sustaining All 21st C Teachers & Children

97 of ER100 - Alumni Networks of Entrepreneurs Sustaining All 21st C Teachers & Children

98 of ER100 - Alumni Networks of Entrepreneurs Sustaining All 21st C Teachers & Children

99 of ER100 - Alumni Networks of Entrepreneurs Sustaining All 21st C Teachers & Children

100 of ER100 - Alumni Networks of Entrepreneurs Sustaining All 21st C Teachers & Children

101 Ashoka Social Entrepreneur Network (SEN) @

102 Ashoka Social Entrepreneur Network (SEN) @

104 Ashoka Social Entrepreneur Network (SEN) @

103 Ashoka Social Entrepreneur Network (SEN) @

105 Ashoka Social Entrepreneur Network (SEN) @

106 Ashoka Social Entrepreneur Network (SEN) @

107 Ashoka Social Entrepreneur Network (SEN) @

108 Ashoka Social Entrepreneur Network (SEN) @

109 Ashoka Social Entrepreneur Network (SEN) @

2000 social entrepreneur

Founders of MuslimAid's "Working for People” network: http://www.muslimaid.org whose social mission is taken from the Quran 5.32 - "whoever saved a life, it shall be as if he saved the life of all mankind"; whose primary social project mosaics are currently: Emergency Relief (includes 2006 Palestine, Lebanon, Indonesia; 2005 Pakistan Quake; 2004/5 Tsunami Coastlines); Water & Sanitation, Healthcare, Ramadan & Qurbani - coordination out of London; own primary branches Bangladesh (Dhaka), Somalia (Mogadishu), Sudan (Khartoum)

grid codes: u3

Partner Capability

Muslim Aid utilises a partnership-based approach to relief and development. Our global network reaches to almost 60 countries around the world, embracing both small and large humanitarian organisations. By implementing projects through partners or in co-ordination with our field offices we are developing the capacity and ability of local people to help their own communities.
Islam also emphasises that empowerment and help for self-help is the key to tackling the root causes of poverty.

Partnering foci and standards sought

In its current strategic plan, Muslim Aid has therefore decided to pay special attention to self-sufficiency projects, which focus on giving the poor the means to help themselves out of poverty. In our experience, handouts - whilst they may be needed in emergency situations - are not an effective method of poverty alleviation. Therefore we encourage our partners to concentrate their efforts particularly on education, skills training or income generation projects, to give the poor the means to break the poverty cycle.
Infrastructural improvements especially in the health sector and through the provision of clean water and sanitation facilities are also of extreme importance in providing people with the most basic rights that every human being deserves to enjoy. Furthermore, orphan care - because of its Islamic importance - continues to be a high priority for Muslim Aid.

Raising the standard in humanitarian relief and development work
To be a part of the Muslim Aid humanitarian network we ask our existing and potential partner organisations to demonstrate that:
They follow the criteria for the utilisation of Zakah and Sadaqah as prescribed by the teachings of Islam as this is the vast majority of Muslim Aid's resources
Projects and programmes have a clear rationale and are strategic in nature, i.e. they are tackling the root cause of problems, and should be aiming to facilitate sustainable development and lasting impact for the local community.
There is active involvement of the local communities in development projects by them providing labour, materials, advice and general support in order to strengthen co-operation, collaboration and capacity building.
Moreover in order to ensure that our network works to the highest international standards Muslim Aid has also signed the voluntary Code of Conduct of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies for NGOs in disaster relief which emphasises that:
The Humanitarian imperative comes first.
Aid is given regardless of the race, creed or nationality of the recipients and without adverse distinction of any kind. Aid priorities are calculated on the basis of need alone.
Aid will not be used to further a particular political or religious standpoint.
We shall endeavour not to act as instruments of government foreign policy.
We shall respect culture and custom.

We shall attempt to build disaster response on local capacities.
Ways shall be found to involve programme beneficiaries in the management of relief aid.
Relief aid must strive to reduce future vulnerabilities to disaster as well as meeting basic needs.
We hold ourselves accountable to both those we seek to assist and those from whom we accept resources.
In our information, publicity and advertising activities, we shall recognise disaster victims as dignified human beings, not hopeless objects.

2001 social entrepreneur Shabani Azmi - Indian Muslim Filmstar -click to the Charlie Rose interview with Indian filmstar Shabana Azmi - you will need to move the video on to minute 35.25 since her interview is the last 20 minutes of a 2-part segment : "I grew up in a family that believed that art should be used for social change...." is particularly stunning.

This 20 minute segment explains how in playing unusual film roles she has become the heroine of the poor and of Muslim inclusion.

Eg 1 film where her role was as a slum-dweller: this has led her in real life to
become an inspired questioner of the folly - "affordable but unsustainable" policy - of relocating slumdwellers outside cities, as these peoples still have to be in the city to have any chance of getting work. I understand she is making this debate a lifetime cause concern. I rather wish she could have been involved in the changemakers building for all competition judging pane; and I would also like to know whether any other famous people are lending their name to dramtaising the advocacy of sustainable building

She has become in her own words a bridge between the grassroots activist and people in government who have asked for her testimonies.

The end of her interview turns to India's world leading solutions for Muslim inclusion (her faith too) -most inspiring! Perhaps one day a subsection of Skoll's and Ashoka's Global Academy http://www.dvd.ashoka.org could include interviews that have already been made where famous people are up for bringing changemaker themes to broadcast and query whether top-down government is missing a really simple clue of deep public service .

In case you are wondering, this does also come back to architecture's power to influence minds with design that is unforgetable when you say how it works in situ and makes a living differnce to pattern rules. Because in a world where broadcasters know how to capture bad news visually, they seem so often to have lost the imagination to capture good news visually. Buildings are an antidote (with exciting narrators guiding you round them) because they can be very visual - particularly if a filmstar with Azmi's passion would agree to be the guide.

Foundations fellows

given that the MacArthur Foundation was ctitical in supporting the lift off of we know in 2006 as the epicentre of Social Entrepreneurial Revolution - Bill Drayton & Ashoka - I would be very intested if anyone reading this could post up names of anyone they recognise as haveing chnaged the world - eg post the name, a bookmark if possible, one sentence on what the world might have uniquely missed if this person or her social network had never beein supported in rising

MacArthur Fellows
Public Issues

Agriculture
Wes Jackson Agronomist
Peter E. Kenmore Agricultural Entomologist
Calvin R. King Land and Farm Development Specialist
Gary Paul Nabhan Ethnobotanist and Nature Writer
Rebecca J. Nelson Plant Pathologist
Cheryl Rogowski Farmer
Pedro Sanchez Agronomist
Kent Whealy Plant Collector and Preservationist
I. Garth Youngberg Agriculturist

Community Affairs
Lorna Bourg Rural Development Leader
Majora Carter Urban Revitalization Strategist
Ernesto J. Cortes Jr. Community Organizer
William Drayton Public Service Innovator
Martin Daniel Eakes Economic Development Strategist
Sophia Bracy Harris Child Care Leader
Wesley Charles Jacobs Jr. Rural Planner
Sokoni T. Karanja Child and Family Development Specialist
William J. Linder Community Development Leader
Joseph E. Marshall Jr. Educator and Violence-Prevention Specialist
Hugo Morales Radio Producer
Hipolito (Paul) Roldan Community Developer
Lateefah Simon Women’s Development Leader
Muriel S. Snowden Community Organizer
Robert L. Woodson Community Development Leader
Billie Jean Young Community Development Leader

Cultural Preservation
Terry Belanger Rare Book Preservationist
John Rice Irwin Curator and Cultural Preservationist
Aaron Lansky Cultural Preservationist
Walter F. Morris Jr. Cultural Preservationist
Sam-Ang Sam Musician and Cultural Preservationist

Economic Development
Elouise C. Cobell Banker
David Green Technology Transfer Innovator
Rosanne Haggerty Housing and Community Development Leader
Carolyn McKecuen Economic Development Leader
Otis Pitts Jr. Community Development Leader
Dorothy Stoneman Educator and Youth Leader
William E. Strickland Jr. Arts Educator
Maria Varela Community Development Leader

Education
Shawn Carlson Science Educator
Jacques d’Amboise Dance Educator
Lisa Delpit Education Reform Leader
Aaron Dworkin Music Educator
David Hawkins Philosopher
W. Keith Hefner Journalist and Educator
Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot Sociologist of Education
Elma Lewis Arts Educator
Tommie Lindsey High School Debating Coach
Patricia Locke Tribal Rights Leader and Educator
Rueben Martínez Bookseller
Robert H. McCabe Educator
Deborah W. Meier Education Reform Leader
Robert Parris Moses Educator and Philosopher
Vivian Gussin Paley Educator and Writer
Janine Pease Educator
James Randi Educator
Kathleen A. Ross Educator
Philip Uri Treisman Mathematics Educator
Eliot Wigginton Educator

Energy
David B. Goldstein Energy Conservation Specialist
Peter J. Hayes Energy Policy Specialist
John P. Holdren Arms Control and Energy Analyst
Amory B. Lovins Physicist and Energy Analyst
Frank N. von Hippel Arms Control and Energy Analyst
Robert H. Williams Physicist and Energy Analyst

Environment and Conservation
Ted Ames Fisherman and Marine Conservation Specialist
George Archibald Ornithologist
Lucy Blake Conservationist
Lester R. Brown Agricultural Economist
William C. Clark Ecologist and Environmental Policy Analyst
George D. Davis Environmental Policy Analyst
Peter H. Gleick Water Conservation Specialist
Steven Goodman Conservation Biologist
Sandra Lanham Pilot and Conservationist
William W. McDonald Cattle Rancher and Conservationist
Donella H. Meadows Environmental Writer
Cynthia Moss Nature Historian
Patrick F. Noonan Conservationist
Carl Safina Marine Conservationist
Guy Tudor Conservationist and Illustrator
Michael Walsh Vehicle Emissions Specialist

Human Rights
Anthony Amsterdam Attorney and Legal Scholar
Joaquin Avila Voting Rights Advocate
Ellen Barry Attorney and Human Rights Leader
Janet Benshoof Attorney and Reproductive Rights Leader
Unita Blackwell Mayor and Civil Rights Leader
John C. Bonifaz Lawyer and Voting Rights Advocate
Alvin J. Bronstein Human Rights Lawyer
Valery Chalidze Physicist and Human Rights Organizer
Frederick C. Cuny Disaster-Relief Specialist
Alison L. Des Forges Human Rights Leader
Corinne Dufka Human Rights Investigator
John P. Gaventa Sociologist
Robert M. Hayes Lawyer and Human Rights Leader
Ralf David Hotchkiss Rehabilitation Engineer
Thomas C. Joe Social Policy Analyst
John Kamm Human Rights Strategist
Stewart Kwoh Human Rights Leader
Sylvia A. Law Human Rights Lawyer
Gay J. McDougall Human Rights Lawyer
Cecilia Muñoz Civil Rights Policy Analyst
Rosalind P. Petchesky Political Scientist
Xiao Qiang Human Rights Leader
Edward V. Roberts Civil Rights Leader
David Rudovsky Civil Rights Lawyer
Bryan Stevenson Human Rights Lawyer
Susan E. Sygall Civil Rights Leader
Dorothy Quincy Thomas Human Rights Leader
Patricia J. Williams Legal Scholar
Marian Wright Edelman Children’s Rights Leader
José D. Zalaquett Human Rights Lawyer
Leonard H. Zeskind Human Rights Leader and Journalist

International Security
Bruce G. Blair Foreign Policy Analyst
Christopher Chyba Astrobiologist and Policy Analyst
Sidney Drell Physicist and Arms Policy Analyst
Randall Watson Forsberg Political Scientist and Arms Control Strategist
Morton H. Halperin Political Scientist

Journalism
Paul Berman Journalist
Katherine Boo Journalist
Sandy Close Journalist
Richard Critchfield Essayist
Stanley Crouch Jazz Critic and Writer
Mark Danner Journalist
Alma Guillermoprieto Journalist
Robert H. Hall Public Interest Journalist
David A. Isay Radio Producer
Charles R. E. Lewis Journalist
Michael Massing Journalist
Tina Rosenberg Journalist
William H. Siemering Journalist and Radio Producer
Thomas Whiteside Journalist

Labor
Jennifer Gordon Attorney and Community Organizer
Sara Horowitz Attorney and Worker’s Rights Leader
Joel Rogers Political Scientist
Julie Su Human Rights Lawyer
Baldemar Velasquez Farm Labor Leader

Public Health and Medicine
Byllye Avery Women’s Healthcare Leader
Gretchen Berland Physician-Filmmaker
Shelly Bernstein Pediatric Hematologist
Michael Cohen Pharmacist
Paul E. Farmer Medical Anthropologist and Physician
Sue Goldie Women’s Health Physician and Researcher
Katherine Gottlieb Alaskan Health Care Leader
Pedro José Greer Jr. Physician and Community Health Specialist
Mark Harrington AIDS Researcher
Eva Harris Molecular Biologist
Donald Hopkins Public Health Physician
Janine Jagger Epidemiologist
Sarah H. Kagan Gerontological Nurse
Jim Kim Public Health Physician
Raphael Carl Lee Surgeon
Michael Lerner Public Health Leader
Carol Levine AIDS Policy Specialist
Ruth Watson Lubic Nurse-Midwife
Andrew McGuire Trauma Prevention Specialist
Nawal M. Nour Obstetrician and Gynecologist
Olufunmilayo Olopade Oncologist
Aaron Shirley Health Care Leader
Wilma Alpha Subra Environmental Health Scientist
David B. Werner Health Care Leader
Randolph Whitfield Jr. Ophthalmologist
Sidney M. Wolfe Physician and Public Health Leader

Public Policy
Joan Abrahamson Community Development Leader
Paul Ginsparg Physicist
Robert Greenstein Public Policy Analyst
J. Bryan Hehir Religion and Foreign Policy Scholar
Pamela Samuelson Legal Scholar
Pam Solo Arms Control and Economic Development Analyst
Brian E. Tucker Seismologist and Disaster Prevention Specialist
Eddie Williams Policy Analyst and Civil Rights Leader

The Sciences

Astronomy
J. Roger Angel Astronomer
John E. Carlstrom Astrophysicist
Margaret Joan Geller Astrophysicist
James E. Gunn Astrophysicist
David N. Spergel Astrophysicist
Charles C. Steidel Astronomer
Joseph H. Taylor Jr. Astrophysicist
Alar Toomre Astronomer and Mathematician
James A. Westphal Engineer and Planetary Scientist
Jack Wisdom Physicist

Biological Anthropology
William H. Durham Biological Anthropologist
John G. Fleagle Primatologist and Paleontologist
Lee Ann Newsom Paleoethnobotanist
Alan Walker Paleontologist
Allan C. Wilson Biochemist
Richard Wrangham Primate Ethologist
Patricia C. Wright Primatologist and Conservationist

Biology
Barbara Block Marine Biologist
Leo William Buss Evolutionary Biologist
Thomas L. Daniel Biologist
Michael H. Dickinson Biophysicist
Victoria E. Foe Developmental Biologist
Mimi R. Koehl Marine Biologist
Richard E. Lenski Biologist
Sharon R. Long Plant Biologist
George F. Oster Mathematical Biologist
Margie Profet Evolutionary Biologist
Geraldine Seydoux Molecular Developmental Biologist
Julie Theriot Microbiologist

Chemistry
Jacqueline K. Barton Biophysical Chemist
Angela Belcher Materials Scientist
R. Stephen Berry Physical Chemist
Carolyn Bertozzi Organic Chemist
Laura L. Kiessling Biochemist
Stephen Lee Chemist
Michael A. Marletta Chemist
Todd Martinez Chemist
Brooks Pate Physical Chemist
Jane Richardson Biochemist
Amy Rosenzweig Chemist
Mark S. Wrighton Chemist

Computer Science
Timothy Berners-Lee Computer Scientist
James F. Blinn Computer Graphics Animator
Erik D. Demaine Computer Scientist and Mathematician
John H. Holland Computer Scientist
Daniel Jurafsky Computer Scientist and Linguist
Jon Kleinberg Computer Scientist
Daphne Koller Computer Scientist
Daniela L. Rus Computer Scientist and Roboticist
Robert S. Shaw Physicist
Peter W. Shor Computer Science
Karl Sims Computer Scientist and Digital Artist
Richard M. Stallman Computer Programmer
Erik Winfree Computer and Materials Scientist
Stephen Wolfram Computer Scientist and Physicist

Earth and Environmental Sciences
Charles Archambeau Geophysicist
Jillian Banfield Geologist
Maria Luisa Crawford Geologist and Petrologist
John Imbrie Climatologist
Raymond Jeanloz Geophysicist
Marvin Philip Kahl Zoologist
Robert W. Kates Geographer
Susan W. Kieffer Geologist and Planetary Scientist
Michael C. Malin Geologist and Planetary Scientist
Michael Manga Geophysicist
Paul G. Richards Seismologist
Benjamin David Santer Atmospheric Scientist
Stephen H. Schneider Climatologist
Daniel P. Schrag Geochemist
Richard P. Turco Atmospheric Scientist
Bret Wallach Geographer
Paul O. Wennberg Atmospheric Chemist

Ecology and Evolution
Christopher Beard Paleontologist
Eric L. Charnov Evolutionary Biologist
Joel E. Cohen Population Biologist
Philip James DeVries Insect Biologist
Paul R. Ehrlich Population Biologist
Sharon B. Emerson Biologist
Michael Ghiselin Evolutionary Biologist
Stephen Jay Gould Paleontology
David M. Hillis Molecular Biologist
John Robert Horner Paleobiologist
Daniel H. Janzen Ecologist
Stuart Alan Kauffman Evolutionary Biologist
Nicole King Evolutionary Biologist
Russell S. Lande Conservation Biologist
Jane Lubchenco Marine Biologist
Pamela A. Matson Ecologist
Nancy A. Moran Evolutionary Biologist and Ecologist
Norman Pace Biochemist
Roger S. Payne Zoologist and Conservationist
Naomi Pierce Biologist
Peter H. Raven Botanist and Conservationist
Loren H. Rieseberg Botanist
Jon Seger Evolutionary Ecologist
John W. Terborgh Conservation Biologist
Geerat J. Vermeij Evolutionary Biologist and Paleontologist
Günter P. Wagner Developmental Biologist
Carl R. Woese Molecular Biologist

Engineering and Biomedical Engineering
James Collins Biomedical Engineer
Claire Gmachl Laser Engineer
Naomi Leonard Engineer
Amy Smith Inventor and Engineer

Mathematics
Demetrios Christodoulou Mathematician and Physicist
Gregory V. Chudnovsky Mathematician
Robert F. Coleman Mathematician
Ingrid Daubechies Mathematician
Mitchell J. Feigenbaum Mathematical Physicist
Michael H. Freedman Mathematician
Israel M. Gelfand Mathematician and Biologist
Benedict H. Gross Mathematics
Fritz John Mathematician
David Kazhdan Mathematician
Sergiu Klainerman Mathematician
David Mumford Mathematician
Julia Robinson Mathematician
Richard M. Schoen Mathematician
Karen K. Uhlenbeck Mathematician
Jeffrey R. Weeks Mathematician
Andrew J. Wiles Mathematics
Horng-Tzer Yau Mathematician
Shing-Tung Yau Mathematician

Medical Science
John Christian Bailar III Biostatistician
Kun-Liang Guan Biochemist
Curtis G. Hames Family Physician
Pehr Harbury Biochemist
Eric Lander Geneticist and Mathematician
Vamsi Mootha Clinical Molecular Biologist
Richard Mulligan Molecular Biologist
Charles S. Peskin Mathematician and Physiologist
Joel Schwartz Epidemiologist
Ellen Kovner Silbergeld Biologist and Environmental Health Scientist
Arthur T. Winfree Physiologist and Mathematician

Molecular Biology and Genetics
Bonnie Bassler Molecular Biologist
John Cairns Molecular Biologist
Joseph DeRisi Molecular Biologist
Ira Herskowitz Molecular Geneticist
Martin E. Kreitman Population Geneticist
Barbara McClintock Geneticist
Matthew Meselson Geneticist and Arms Control Analyst
David C. Page Molecular Geneticist
Franklin W. Stahl Geneticist

Neuroscience
Paul Adams Neurobiologist
Lu Chen Neuroscientist
David L. Felten Neuroscientist
Nancy Kopell Mathematician and Neuroscientist
Leah A. Krubitzer Neuroscientist
Arnold J. Mandell Neuroscientist and Psychiatrist
Robert Morris Sapolsky Neuroendocrinologist and Primatologist
Robert Shapley Neurophysiologist
Nicholas Strausfeld Neurobiologist
Gina G. Turrigiano Neuroscientist
Jay Michael Weiss Psychologist
Heather Williams Biologist and Ornithologist

Physics
Helen T. Edwards Physicist
Daniel H. Friedan Physicist
David Gross Physicist
Lene V. Hau Optical Physicist
John J. Hopfield Physicist and Biologist
Deborah Jin Physicist
Albert J. Libchaber Physicist
Hideo Mabuchi Physicist
Juan Martin Maldacena Physicist
Richard A. Muller Geologist and Astrophysicist
Margaret Murnane Optical Physicist
David R. Nelson Physicist
Douglas D. Osheroff Physicist
John H. Schwarz Physicist
Nathan Seiberg Physicist
Stephen Shenker Physicist
Eva Silverstein Physicist
Frank Wilczek Physicist
Edward Witten Physicist
Xiaowei Zhuang Biophysicist
George Zweig Physicist and Neurobiologist

Statistics
Peter J. Bickel Statistician
Persi Diaconis Statistician
David Donoho Statistician
Bradley Efron Statistician

The Social Sciences

Archaeology
Susan Alcock Archaeologist
Guillermo Algaze Anthropologist and Archaeologist
Joan Breton Connelly Archaeologist
Ian Graham Archaeologist
Heather Hurst Archaeological Illustrator
Heather Nan Lechtman Materials Scientist and Archaeologist
Peter Mathews Archaeologist and Epigrapher
Jennifer Alice Moody Archaeologist and Anthropologist
Anna Curtenius Roosevelt Archaeologist
Susan Irene Rotroff Archaeologist
J. Richard Steffy Nautical Archaeologist
Henry T. Wright Archaeologist and Anthropologist
Rita P. Wright Archaeologist

Cultural Anthropology
Ruth Behar Cultural Anthropologist
Jared M. Diamond Environmental Historian and Physiologist
Shelly Errington Cultural Anthropologist
Steven Feld Anthropologist and Ethnomusicologist
Faye D. Ginsburg Anthropologist
Shirley Brice Heath Anthropological Linguist
Erik Mueggler Anthropologist and Ethnographer
Alfonso Ortiz Cultural Anthropologist
Sherry B. Ortner Anthropologist
Lawrence Rosen Attorney and Anthropologist
Gary Urton Anthropologist
Brackette F. Williams Anthropology
Eric Wolf Anthropologist

Economics
Nancy Folbre Economist
Avner Greif Economist and Historian of Economics
Heidi I. Hartmann Economist
Michael Robert Kremer Economist
Sendhil Mullainathan Economist
Kevin Murphy Economist
Michael J. Piore Economist
Matthew Rabin Economist
Alice M. Rivlin Economist and Policy Analyst
Charles F. Sabel Political Scientist and Legal Scholar
Michael Woodford Economist

Linguistics
Christopher Beckwith Philologist
Nora C. England Anthropological Linguist
Getatchew Haile Philologist and Linguist
Dennis A. Moore Anthropological Linguist
Elinor R. Ochs Linguistic Anthropologist
Michael Silverstein Linguist
David Stuart Linguist and Epigrapher
Ofelia Zepeda Linguist and Cultural Preservationist

Political Science
Fouad Ajami Political Scientist
Danielle Allen Classicist and Political Scientist
Robert Axelrod Political Scientist
Seweryn Bialer Political Scientist
Alexander George Political Scientist

Psychology and Cognitive Science
Robert Coles Child Psychiatrist
Howard Gardner Psychologist
Edwin Hutchins Cognitive Scientist
Bela Julesz Psychologist
Vonnie C. McLoyd Developmental Psychologist
Kay Redfield Jamison Psychologist
David Rumelhart Cognitive Scientist and Psychologist
Amos Tversky Cognitive Psychologist

Sociology
Rogers Brubaker Sociologist
Michael Ryan Davis Historian
Robert K. Merton Historian and Sociologist of Science
Donald M. Mitchell Cultural Geographer
Michael S. Schudson Sociologist
Loic Wacquant Sociologist
William Julius Wilson Sociology

In this special section on 20-year leaders of places, our purpose is to offer a benchmark around which debates are welcome. Why 20 years? Well, it seems to be about the longest a place in modern times can expect a hi-trust leader to offer her or his services for (though we are delighted to hear of longer exponential where a leader and the peoples of the place have advanced with each other

Perhaps there would be more harmony in the world if historians were to take a step back from judging which were great nations when, and began with the qualities common to all leaders who have helped compound the development of the peoples lot over an extended period of time. By all means go a level deeper to particular challenges each resolved, but a few pattern rules of hi-trust leadership could do no harm to unite our education of children of the world around?

1990-2010 Manmongh Singh	This interview published originally in Cam (the alumni magazine of Cambridge Univeristy) rings very true of economics dons of the fifties. From there every step resonates with a man who cares deeply about devloping his country for the benefit of all, and has the integrity of vision, knowhow and temprament that remarkably few national leaders have had over the last half century.